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Cataract

The following is a classification of the various types of cataracts. This is not comprehensive and other unusual types may be noted.
  • Classified by etiology
    • Age-related cataract
      • Immature Senile Cataract (IMSC) - partially opaque lens, disc view hazy
      • Mature Senile Cataract (MSC) - Completely opaque lens, no disc view
      • Hypermature Senile Cataract (HMSC) - Liquefied cortical matter: Morgagnian Cataract
    • Congenital cataract
      • Sutural cataract
      • Lamellar cataract
      • Zonular cataract
      • Total cataract
    • Secondary cataract
      • Drug-induced cataract (e.g. Corticosteroids)
        • Traumatic cataract
          • Blunt trauma (capsule usually intact)
          • Penetrating trauma (capsular rupture & leakage of lens material - calls for an emergency surgery for extraction of lens and leaked material to minimize further damage)
        • Classified by location of opacity within lens structure (However, mixed morphology is quite commonly seen, e.g. PSC with nuclear changes & cortical spokes of cataract)
        • Anterior cortical cataract
        • Anterior polar cataract
        • Anterior subcapsular cataract
        • Nuclear cataract - Grading correlates with hardness & difficulty of surgical removal
          • 1 - Grey
          • 2 - Yellow
          • 3 - Amber
          • 4 - Brown/Black (Note: "Black cataract" translated in some languages (like Hindi) refers to Glaucoma, not the color of the lens nucleus)
        • Posterior cortical cataract
        • Posterior polar cataract (importance lies in higher risk of complication - posterior capsular tears during surgery)
        • Posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) (clinically common)
        • After-cataract - posterior capsular opacification (PCO) subsequent to a successful extracapsular cataract surgery (usually within 3 months - 2 years) with or without IOL implantation. Requires a quick & painless office procedure with Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy to restore optical clarity.

       

 

 
   
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